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Copper Sulfate and Other Copper Products (Crops For Use as Plant Disease Control and For Use as Algicide and Invertebrate Pest Control)

Local:
Copper forms compounds in the oxidation states of +1 (cuprous) and +2 (cupric); trivalent copper survives no more than a few seconds in an aqueous solution. The relatively small change in electrochemical potential between the cuprous and cupric ions in solution gives the usefulness of copper compounds in chemical reactions. Copper compounds are used as catalysts in reactions, especially oxidation (cupric chloride) and heterogeneous reactions. Cupric chloride, copper chloride (CuCl₂) is a yellowish to brown, deliquescent powder; soluble in water, alcohol, and ammonium chloride; while the dihydrated form of cupric chloride is a green crystals; soluble in water. It is used as a mordant in dyeing and printing textile fabrics and in the refining of copper, gold, and silver as well as a catalyst in chemical reactions. Cuprous chloride (CuCl or Cu₂Cl₂), also known as resin of copper, is a green, tetrahedral crystals; insoluble in water. The biological property of copper compounds takes important role in as fungicides in agriculture and biocides in antifouling paints for ships and wood preservations. Very low level of copper is toxic to fungi and algae but the levels for mammal is much higher. The copper ions inhibit the metabolism of the fungus when they react with sulfur containing enzymes in the plant. Copper compounds form a protective barrier on the plant surface and thereby prevent fungi from entering the plant host. The fungicidal effect of copper compounds as non-systemic fungicides are such as bordeaux mixture, cupric hydroxide, copper arsenate, copper carbonate, cuprous oxide,  copper-8-quinolinolate, copper oleate, copper sulfate, or copper oxychloride. Another important biological application of copper compounds, such as copper sulfide is as an antifouling agent in paints. The description and applications of copper compounds in industry are;

• Copper Arsenate, Cu₃(AsO₄)₂·4H2O or Cu₅H₂(AsO₄)₄·2H2O; bluish powder which is insoluble in water and alcohol, soluble in ammonium hydroxide and dilute acids; used as a fungicide and insecticide.
• Copper Arsenite, also known as Scheele's green, CuHAsO₃ ; toxic, green powder which is soluble in acids and decomposes at the melting point; used as a pigment and insecticide;
• Copper Carbonate, artificial malachite. Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃, toxic, green powder which is soluble in acids and decomposes at 200 C; used in pigments and pyrotechnics and as a fungicide and feed additive; antidote for phosphorous poisoning.
• Copper Gluconate [CH₂OH(CHOH)₄COO]₂Cu, light blue, crystalline powder which is soluble in water; used in medicine and as a dietary supplement; scale removal in metal cleanings and can be formulated in cleaning compounds including mouthwash due to its sequestering ability in alkaline conditions.
• Copper Oleate Cu[OOC(CH₂)₇CHCH(CH₂)₇CH₃]₂ , green to blue liquid, used as a fungicide for fruits and vegetables; used in formulating antiseptics, deodorants, antiperspirants.
• Copper-8-Quinolinolate C₁₈H₁₄N₂O₂Cu, khaki-colored solid which is insoluble in water; used as a fungicide in fruit and vegetables equipments.
• Copper Sulfide CuS, black, monoclinic or hexagonal crystals which decomposes at 220 C; used antifouling agent in paints.
• Cupric Acetate (Copper Acetate), known as crystals of Venus, Cu(C₂H₃O₂)2·H2O, blue to green crystals which is soluble in water; used as a raw material to make paris green; organic reaction catalyst; textile dyeing; fungicide.
• Cupric Bromide (Copper Bromide) CuBr₂, black prismatic crystals; used in photography as an intensifier and in organic synthesis as a brominating agent.
• Cupric Chloride (copper chloride) CuCl₂, yellowish to brown, deliquescent powder which is soluble in water, alcohol, and ammonium chloride; used as a mordant in dyeing and printing textile fabrics and in the refining of copper, gold, and silver.
• Cupric Chromate (Copper Chromate) CuCrO₄, yellow liquid used as a mordant.
• Cupric Cyanide (Copper Cyanide) Cu(CN)₂, green powder which is insoluble in water; used in electroplating copper on iron.
• Cupric Fluoride (Copper Fluoride) CuF₂, white crystalline powder used in ceramics and in the preparation of brazing and soldering fluxes.
• Cupric Hydroxide (Copper Hydroxide) Cu(OH)₂, blue microscopic crystals; used as a mordant and pigment, in manufacture of many copper salts, and for staining paper.
• Cupric Nitrate (Copper Nitrate) Cu(NO₃)₂·nH₂O, green powder or blue crystals which is soluble in water; used in electroplating copper on iron; as a catalyst and nitrating agent in organic reactions; component in rocket fuel; fungicides and wood preservatives; textile dyeing and printing; pigment in ceramics;
• Cupric Oxide (Copper Oxide) CuO, black, monoclinic crystals which is insoluble in water; used in making fibers and ceramics; in organic and gas analyses; catalyst, fungicide, antiseptic; red pigment for glass, ceramics; antifouling gent;
• Cuprous Bromide (Copper Bromide) Cu₂Br₂, white or gray crystals slightly soluble in cold water.
• Cuprous Chloride (Copper Chloride) CuCl or Cu₂Cl₂, green, tetrahedral crystals which is insoluble in water; used as a heat and light stabilizer for nylon and as a catalyst for chemical synthesis. used as a crude for phthalocyanine blue pigments; used as desulfuring agent in the refinery industry
• Cuprous Fluoride (Copper Fluoride) Cu₂F₂, red crystalline powder which melts at 908 C.
• Cuprous Oxide (Copper Oxide) Cu₂O, an oxide of copper found in nature as cuprite and formed on copper by heat; used chiefly as a pigment and as a fungicide; soil additive; colorant in ceramics; electroplating baths; petroleum industry;

Copper sulfate is the common name for the blue crystalline cupric sulfate, in which copper has valence +2. It may also refer to cuprous sulfate (Cu₂SO₄), in which copper has valence +1. It is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. It usually crystallizes as  a pentahydrate compound containing five molecules of water (CuSO₄·5H₂O) and is known in commerce as blue vitriol. It is prepared by the treatment of copper oxides with sulfuric acid. Cupric sulfate is the most important salt of copper. Cupric sulfate is utilized chiefly for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, germicide, feed additive, and soil additive. It is also used as a raw material in the preparation of other copper compounds, electrolyte for batteries and electroplating baths, and in medicine as a locally applied fungicide, bactericide, and astringent. It also finds wide use in the preparation of pigments. Copper is an essential trace nutrient which performs a number of diverse functions in protein biochemistry. Some copper compounds such as copper sulfate are used as a supplement for livestock.

APPEARANCE

CONTENT

92.0% min

FEED GRADE

APPEARANCE

CONTENT

98.0% min

Cu

58.0% min

CHLORIDE

15.0% min

Fe

0.1% max

Hg

1ppm max

Ni

10ppm max

Zn

50ppm max

As

2ppm max

Cd

2ppm max

0.2% max (in acid)

200 - 100 MESH (90.0% MIN)

BULK DENSITY

3261

GHS

Danger

PICTOGRAMS

HAZARD STATEMENTS

H302 Harmful if swallowed.
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS

P280 Wear protective gloves/ protective clothing/ eye protection/ face protection.
P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, ifpresent and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician.